Confocal imaging is a microscopy technique that enables three-dimensional imaging of samples with high spatial resolution. It works by using a focused laser beam to illuminate a single point on the sample, and a pinhole aperture to detect emitted light only from that focal plane. This eliminates out-of-focus light, resulting in crisp, clear images with improved contrast and resolution. Confocal imaging is widely used in biology, medicine, materials science, and many other fields for studying the structure and dynamics of cells, tissues, and materials at the microscopic level.